Different types of dams pdf

Classification of dams by material, use, hydraulic design. Earthen dams require very large quantities of materials. These dams are heavy and massive walllike structures of concrete in which the whole weight acts vertically downwards reservoir force as the entire load is transmitted on the small area of foundation, such dams are. Language watch edit the following is a list of reservoirs and dams, arranged by continent and country.

Feb 07, 2017 types of cofferdams and their construction details. This video gives you a quick classification of dams. Types of dams on the basis of materials used in dam construction. Types of dams site selection of dam civil engineering. The obstacle to be crossed may be a river, a road, railway or a valley.

Nonoverflow dams are designed not to be overtopped, and may include earth and rock in their structure. Others raise the level of inland waterways to make them navigable by ships and. It is necessary to utilize the soils available in large quantities near the site. Different types of dams are conventional concrete dam, roller compacted concrete dam, rock fill dam, concrete faced rock fill dam cfrd, earth fill dam, arch dam, barrages etc. In these types of dams, there is an impervious core of compacted earth fill or a slender concrete or bituminous membrane but the bulk of the dam volume is made of coarse grained gravels, crushed rocks or. These types of dams are one kind of a temporary dam, although a well designed timber dam may exist for more than 20 years. Masonry dams are built using either stone masonry or brick masonry. Dam types can be classified in different categories according to the material. There are three main types of conventional hydropower technologies. A buttress dam in which the upstream part is a relatively thin flat slab usually made of reinforced concrete. The details of all publications are in the researchgate in full text pdf forms.

The types of dams generally built in new hampshire include earth, earthstonewall, rockfill, concrete gravity, concrete buttress, and timber dam. Types of embankment dams earth embankment dams types of. Different types of engineering dam engineering discoveries. It can be constructed from concrete or natural materials like earth and rock. Storage dams collect water during the rainy season for use in the dry season, to control floods, and for irrigation. Dams are made from a variety of materials such as rock, steel and wood. Students also learn about different types of dams, all designed to resist the forces on dams. Watch this video to learn about the classification of dams and types of dams. Concrete dams may be categorized according to the designs used to resist the stress due to reservoir water pressure.

A dam consisting of a watertight part supported at intervals on the downstream side by a series of buttresses. Department of natural resources division of water indianapolis, indiana. As the entire load is transmitted on the small area of foundation, such dams are constructed where rocks are competent and stable. There is much overlap among these types of floods that tend to represent different characteristics of the entire range of riverine flooding. These may in some cases be used for providing a roadway or. Impoundment is the most common type of hydroelectric power plant.

Cantilever steel dams upper part of its deck is supported by a bent, which is formed into a cantilever truss. The division between the two embankment variants is not absolute, many dams utilizing fill materials of both types within appropriately designated internal zones. The two principal types of embankment dams are earth and rockfill dams, depending on the predominant fill material used. Direct strutted dams have the water pressure transmitted directly to the foundation by using inclined struts. Pakistan had a total installed power generation capacity of over 34 gw by december 2018. In general earth, the dam can be designed to fulfil its function satisfactory with any type of material available. Types of dams classification of reservoirs civildigital.

The mass weight of concrete and friction resist the reservoir water pressure. A dam is a hydraulic structure of fairly impervious material built across a river to create a reservoir on its upstream side for impounding water for various. In this section we focus only on manmade reservoirs. Water stored in the dam is used for generation of electricity in the hydroelectric power plant. Classification of dam types with respect to sizeheight of the dam. Coffer dams can be classified into many types depending upon the depth, soil conditions, and fluctuations in the water level and type of material used. This report explains the different aspects related to dams, types of dams and the causes of failure of dams. Manmade reservoirs are made when dams are constructed across rivers, or by enclosing an area that is filled with water. Ussd types of dams webpage arch dam a concrete or masonry dam, which is curved upstream so as to transmit the major part of the water load to the abutments. Rigid dams concrete dams, steel dams, timber dams etc.

A dam is a man made barrier usually built across a river to hold back water and forming a lake, or reservoir, behind it. As i show each dam type, i ask students to write the type of dam on the front if their graphic organizer. While dams are most commonly associated with the production of hydroelectric energy, they are used for a variety of purposes. There are several crane types used for different works in different places. Various types of dams are constructed based on their usage. However, derated capacity is approximately 31 gw during the year. A dam is a hydraulic structure of impervious material built across a river. In such type of dams a wall is constructed with gates across the river valley to store water in the reservoir upstream. In a cantilever type steel dam, there is a bent supporting the upper part. It is the most sophisticated of concrete dams, being essentially a dome or.

Embankment dams can be classified in broad terms as being earthfill or rockfill dams. Manmade dams are designed to stop or impede the flow of water along a river. Dams are constructed depending on the purpose for which they are used. Earthen embankment dams rockjill embankments in these types of dams, there is an impervious core of compacted earth fill or a slender concrete or bituminous membrane but the bulk of the dam volume is made of coarse grained gravels, crushed rocks or boulders. These structures include dams as a major construction project. An impoundment facility, typically a large hydropower system, uses a dam to store river water in a reservoir. In this lesson, we shall discuss about the planning, layout and construction aspects of diversion structures, particularly barrages. The type of hydropower turbine selected for a project is based on the height of standing waterreferred to as headand the flow, or volume of water, at the site. Advantages of dams importance of dams for human benefits. The combination of two types of embankment dams with different lines of defence against seepage is challenging in the field of dam engineering. Pdf the interface between two different types of major. This series of articles covers important topics related to dams like types of dams, factors affecting selection of location for dams, risk factors with dams etc. Below are the types of dams based on different criteria. Draw waves to indicate on which side of the dam the reservoir water will be.

Low protective walls on either side of the roadway or walkway on the crest. The required passage may be for a road, a railway, pedestrians, a canal or a pipeline. Lesson 2, dam forces activity four types of dams worksheet four types of dams for each type of dam below, do the following. Dams can be classified into different types based on the design and structure of the dam. Dams and reservoirs construction, design and types. Earth embankments are constructed around the area to be dewatered. The earthen dam can be of the following three types. A buttress dam composed of a series of arches for the.

When a river is dammed, it creates an artificial body of water behind the dam. Here we will discuss the following crane types in details. These purposes may be irrigation, hydropower, watersupply, flood control. The other dams are for recreation, stockfarm ponds, flood control, water supply, and irrigation. The dam or water reservoirs are crucial parts of the hydroelectric power plants.

Because of this, these dams often use half as much concrete as gravity dams the upstream side of such dams is a flat or slightly inclined. The dams which are mainly constructed for the purpose of irrigation are called embankment dams. Water and dams in todays world lesson teachengineering. Dams also have the ability to generate energy and electricity that will benefit the population around the dam. Different types of spillways engineering discoveries. Jan 09, 2017 this video gives you a quick classification of dams. Classification and types of dams based on different criteria.

Dam or water reservoir are the most important part of the hydroelectric power plants. These are the simplest type of cofferdams welladapted to depths of water upto 3 m. Often the two types are combined to form a composite structure. Dams and its types a dam is a hydraulic structure of fairly impervious material built across a river to create a reservoir on its upstream side for impounding water for various purposes. This types of dams are curved in plan and carries at major part of its water load. It is made up of impervious material and its object is to make the dam water tight.

These dams are heavy and massive walllike structures of concrete in which the whole weight acts vertically downwards. Following are the different types of cofferdams commonly used in practice. A dam is a hydraulic structure or assembly that is constructed across a river to form a reservoir on its upstream side for confining water for various purposes like hydropower, water supply, flood control, navigation, fishing and recreation, irrigation. Concrete gravity dams are the most common form of concrete dam. Rigid dams concrete dams, steel dams, timber dams etc nonrigid dams rockfill dams classification of dam types with respect to sizeheight of the dam. The united states society on dams ussd is dedicated to advancing the role of dam and levee systems and building the community of practice. In fact, all dams are built to store water unless otherwise stated. In many cases, after consideration of all these aspects, several types of dams. Classification of dams by material, use, hydraulic design may 15, 2015 types of dams, earth dam, rock fill dam, arch and storage dam may 15, 2015 factors affecting selection of type of dam may 15, 2015. The term reservoir can refer to a manmade or natural lake, as well as cisterns and subterranean reservoirs.

Earth dams are now competitive in cost with masonry in all sizes. They carry water discharge over their crests, and are made of materials that will not be eroded by such discharges. In these types of dams, there is an impervious core of compacted earth fill or a slender concrete or bituminous membrane but the bulk of the dam volume is made of coarse grained gravels, crushed rocks. Types of hydropower turbines there are two main types of hydro turbines. The cupola dam introduces complex curvatures in the vertical as well as the horizontal plane. However, the following categories are widely recognized and. One type of such dam is a porous dam built of a porous embankment, e. This types of dams needs to be regularly maintained. To think, these structures have the ability to hold back millions of gallons of rushing water. These may in some cases be used for providing a roadway or walkway over the dam. These dams are usually meant to reduce flood damages as well as to induce maximum recharge in the area. The earth coffer dams are built of local soils, preferably fine. Define a valve identify the different types of common valves used at sunrise dam and their purposes understand the hazards and safe operating practices for valves.

Materials available within short haul distances are used, the embankment dam can accommodate a variety of foundation conditions, and often, the embankment dam is least costly when compared to other dam types. There are many different kinds of dams, and they are all an important part of our country, providing for domestic, industry, and irrigation uses, including water for drinking, bathing, hydroelectric power generation, water storage, flood protection, and more. In direct strutted steel dams, the water pressure is transmitted directly to the foundation through inclined struts. The types of drains provided in homogeneous dams are toe drains, horizontal blanket drains, and chimney drains. Learn dam types like gravity, arch, buttress, earth, etc. Coffer dams can be classified into many types depending upon the depth, soil conditions, and fluctuations in the water level and type of. In the united states, there are about 80,000 dams of which only 2,400 produce power. Considering the material used in their construction, cofferdams may be divided into the following categories. Different types are built to suit the location and geology. Top 12 different types of cranes used in construction works. Following materials are commonly used for the construction of an earth dam. They supply the water for the various means including domestic use, irrigation purposes and also for the industrial uses. Students learn about the importance of dams by watching a video that presents historical and current information on dams, as well as descriptions of global water resources and the hydrologic cycle.

Valves program objectives by the end of this module, trainees will be able to. Typical sections of rock fill dams are shown in figure 4. I use the types of dams presentation to show students examples of the four main types of dams. Types of dams, earth dam, rock fill dam, arch and storage dam umar farooq may 15, 2015 dams and water reservoirs following are the types of dams earth dams, rock fill dams, solid masonry gravity dams, steel dams, timber dams, arch dams, storage dams. To create a reservoir on its upstream side for storing water for various. Dams may be classified into a number of different categories, depending upon the.

Here is the most common dam types based on different parameters function. I then ask students to lift the flap and to write the features of a each dam type and to draw a picture of each type of dam. A double curvature arch dam is an arch dam, which is curved vertically as well as horizontally. Unlike higharch and gravity dams, which require a sound rock foundation, earth dam is readily adapted to earth foundations. Some dams divert the flow of river water into a pipeline, canal, or channel. Low dam small dam how to build small dams medium dams. The most common type of dam found in new hampshire is the earthen embankment dam, which has some form of concrete, stone, or timber spillway section. A particular derivative of the simple arch dam is the cupola or double curvature arch dam. A dam is a structure built across a stream, river or estuary to retain water. Nov 12, 2018 there are numerous types of dams throughout the world. These purposes may be irrigation, hydro power, watersupply, flood control, navigation, fishing and recreation. Buttress dams use multiple reinforced columns to support a dam that has a relatively thin structure. A dam is a hydraulic structure of fairly impervious material built across a river to create a reservoir on its upstream side for impounding water for various purposes. The simplest type of an earthen embankment consists of a single material and is homogeneous throughout.

Label each dam type with the name by which it is commonly known. Timber dams generally used for temporary purposes such as to divert the water for the construction of main dam, to control flood water flow etc. A buttress dam can take many forms, such as a flat slab or a massive head buttress. These dams are heavy and massive walllike structures of concrete in which the whole weight acts vertically downwards reservoir force as the entire load is transmitted on the small area of foundation, such dams are constructed where rocks are competent and stable. A dam is a barrier built across a water course to hold back or control the water flow. Some generalized sections of earth dams showing typical zoning for different types and quantities of fill materials and various methods for controlling seepage are presented in figure 21. Types of cofferdams and their construction details. Many dams were built for other purposes and hydropower was added later. The design of earth levees and dikes follows the same principles as for earth dams. Aug 28, 2015 different types of dams under various classification.

If the free, 15minute water and dams in todays world video cannot be obtained in time, the lesson. The following is a list of reservoirs and dams, arranged by continent and country. A dam is a hydraulic structure of fairly impervious material built across a river to create a reservoir on its upstream side for impounding water for various purposes which may include, flood control, hydropower, watersupply, irrigation, navigation, fishing, and recreation. Advantages of dams dams are said to be an important source of water supply and high importance for various other reasons. A buttress dam composed of a series of arches for the upstream face. Components of dams functions of components of dams. They are constructed to store water during the rainy season when there is a large flow in the river. A dam is a hydraulic structure of impervious material built across a river or stream to create a reservoir on its upstream side for storing water for various purposes.