Ageing and the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis nature. The pathogenesis of oa involves a degradation of cartilage and remodelling of bone due to an active response of chondrocytes in the articular cartilage and the. Pdf osteoarthritis is a chronic, inflammatory joint disease in the world. Osteoarthritis oa is one of the most common forms of arthritis. Several hallmarks of ageing could contribute to oa. The most important requirements for normal joint function are the freedom of the opposed articular surfaces to move pain freeand largely frictionlesslyover each other within the required range of motion as well as the correct.
Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Leong 1,2, zhiyong he 1,2, lin xu 1,2, lidi liu 1,2, sun jin kim 1, david m. The pathophysiology of osteoarthritis springerlink. Affected horses typically have clinical evidence of synovitis, varying degrees of lameness, and progressive loss of joint function. Platsoucas2 introduction osteoarthritis oa is the most common type of arthritis. Pdf current concepts in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis pathogenesis a complex process that. The role of inflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis piotrwojdasiewicz, a ukasza. The burden of disease dramatically impacts health care usage and leads to total joint replacement in approximately a halfmillion americans alone each year and such consequences on. While this research has not yet produced effective diseasemodifying treatment options for oa, it has given direction to providers and patients alike for identifying the presence of and the risk factors for oa and helping manage the disease and slow its progression. Some people call it degenerative joint disease or wear and tear arthritis. Osteoarthritis oa is the most common form of arthritis and one of the. Pathogenesis and management of pain in osteoarthritis.
P lee, pj rooney, rd sturrock, ac kennedy, wc dickthe etiology and pathogenesis of osteoarthrosis. Osteoarthritis oa has been generally considered to be a degenerative joint disease caused by biomechanical alterations and the aging process. The contemporary paradigm of osteoarthritis oa is that its pathogenesis involves all joint tissues including cartilage, bone, synovium, ligamentous capsular structures, and surrounding muscle. Apr 15, 2020 the etiology and progression of osteoarthritis, a disease of joint degeneration, remains incompletely known. Objective osteoarthritis oa appears to be associated with various metabolic disorders, but the potential contribution of amino acid metabolism to oa pathogenesis has not been clearly elucidated. A key role in the pathophysiology of articular cartilage is played by cell. Research in both mice and humans on the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis oa has begun to coalesce recently. Adipokine contribution to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
Immunologic intervention in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Oct 10, 20 osteoarthritis oa is a complex disease whose pathogenesis includes the contribution of biomechanical and metabolic factors which, altering the tissue homeostasis of articular cartilage and subchondral bone, determine the predominance of destructive over productive processes. A joint is the point of connection between two bones in our body. Initially, osteoarthritis has been considered to be a disease of articular cartilage, but recent research has indicated that the condition involves the. Primary and secondary osteoarthritis are not separable on a pathologic basis, though bilateral symmetry is often seen in cases of primary osteoarthritis, particularly when the hands are affected. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. May 06, 2020 primary and secondary osteoarthritis are not separable on a pathologic basis, though bilateral symmetry is often seen in cases of primary osteoarthritis, particularly when the hands are affected. The contribution of age and obesity to the number of painful joint sites in individuals reporting osteoarthritis. Biomechanical considerations in the pathogenesis of. Furthermore, rheumatoid arthritis appears to be associated with periodontal disease. Osteoarthritis etiology, diagnosis, treatment options, and images at epocrates online, the leading provider of drug and disease decision support tools.
Osteoarthritis oa is degenerative joint disease, which affects millions of people in the world. Contributions from leading scientists and clinicians provide a detailed introduction into current understanding of the pathogenesis of oa, different joint structures affected by. Joint damage is caused by a mixture of systemic factors that predispose to the. The burden of disease dramatically impacts health care usage and leads to total joint replacement in approximately a halfmillion americans alone each year and such. Osteoarthritis is the most common type of joint disease, affecting more than 30 million individuals in the united states alone. Osteoarthritis is a common chronic debilitating joint disease mainly affecting the elderly. The pathological findings described below are present to varying degrees in all people with oa, suggesting a common response of the joint to a variety of insults. The pathophysiology of osteoarthritis sciencedirect. Procyanidins mitigate osteoarthritis pathogenesis by, at. In this paper, the important molecular mechanisms related to oa pathogenesis will be summarized and new insights into potential molecular targets for. It is characterized structurally by active bone remodeling, degradation of articular cartilage, and sy.
It is a complex disease whose pathogenesis, changes the tissue homeostasis of articular cartilage and subchondral bone, determine the predominance of destructive processes. Osteoarthritis oa is characterized by a degeneration of articular cartilage, in which the breakdown leads to matrix fibrillation, fissure appearance, gross ulceration, and fullthickness loss of the joint surface. Apoptosisinduced activation of hiv1 pathogenesis of. Osteoarthritis translational science critical role for arginase ii in osteoarthritis pathogenesis wansu choi,1 jeong in yang, 1 wihak kim, 1 hyoeun kim,1 seulki kim,1 yoonkyung won, 1 young ok son, 1 churlhong chun,2 jangsoo chun1 to cite. The new england journal of medicine n engl j med 365. It can be thought of as primarily a degenerative disorder with inflammatory components arising from the biochemical breakdown of articular hyaline. Pathogenesis and management of pain in osteoarthritis the. In animal models, it has been shown that blocking il1 or its. Osteoarthritis oa is the most common form of arthritis. This comprehensive book grants readers exclusive insight into current advancements in the field of osteoarthritis oa.
Until recently, the focus of research into the pathophysiology of oa has been on articular cartilage and has. The role of t cells in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Several studies showed that inflammation triggered by factors like biomechanical stress is involved in the development of. Osteoarthritis oa is a disease of high prevalence that produces substantial morbidity and is a leading cause of physical and psychological disability and expense, includ ing time lost from work, medical care, and disability sup port. Recent studies have shown that overweight and obesity play an important role in the development of osteoarthritis oa. This is accompanied by hypertrophic bone changes with osteophyte formation and subchondral bone plate thickening. While the exact pathophysiology of oa remains to be elucidated, it is currently believed that altered joint loading and cartilage metabolism are both key factors in cartilage degradation and. The term osteoarthritis describes a common, agerelated, heterogeneous group of disorders characterised pathologically by focal areas of loss of articular cartilage in synovial joints, associated with varying degrees of osteophyte formation, subchondral bone change, and synovitis. With oa, the cartilage within a joint begins to break down and the underlying bone begins to change. Ageingassociated changes promote the development of osteoarthritis oa, but ageing and oa are independent processes. Frederick woessner primary osteoarthritis, also labeled osteoarthrosis and degener ative joint disease, is an affliction of peripheral and central articulations, characterized by degeneration of cartilage, subchondral bone thickening, eburna tion, remodeling of bone, and formation of.
Oa pathogenesis and risk factors osteoarthritis action. Studying epigenetics in a mouse model of osteoarthritis, smeriglio et al. Osteoarthritis oa is a complex disease whose pathogenesis includes the contribution of biomechanical and metabolic factors which, altering the tissue homeostasis of articular cartilage and subchondral bone, determine the predominance of destructive over productive processes. In children, bone growth occurs through extension of cartilage at the growth plate combined with conversion of cartilage to. Joint damage is caused by a mixture of systemic factors that predispose to the disease, and local mechanical. It is one of the top contributors to global disability, with the knee being identified as one of the joints most commonly affected by oa. Abstract osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease and a major cause of disability.
Risk factors include genetics, female sex, past trauma, advancing age, and. However, current studies have revealed a role of an inflammatory process in the pathogenesis of oa. Osteoarthritis is traditionally thought of as a wear and tear disease which occurs as we age. Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder and a major cause of disability with a major socioeconomic impact. There are a variety of factors that play an important role in the pathogenesis of oa, including biomechanical factors, proinflammatory mediators, and proteases. Pdf the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis researchgate.
Osteoarthritis pathogenesis a complex process that involves. Understanding of joint dysfunction requires some knowledge of normality and the comparison of the diseased state to the physiologic situation fig. Procyanidins mitigate osteoarthritis pathogenesis by, at least in part, suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor signaling angela wang 1,2, daniel j. However, large gaps remain in our knowledge of oa pathogenesis and this impacts negatively. An update on the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis sciencedirect. However, joint overload is not the only risk factor in this disease.
Epidemiological studies estimate around 43 million affected patients in the united states alone and about 15% of the world population 1, 2, 3. This study aimed to determine whether procyanidins mitigate traumatic injuryinduced osteoarthritis oa disease progression, and whether procyanidins exert a chondroprotective effect by, at least in part. Current concepts in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Here, we explored whether alterations in the amino acid metabolism of chondrocytes could regulate oa pathogenesis. Pathophysiology of osteoarthritis osteoarthritis and. Osteoarthritis is the most common chronic musculoskeletal disorder.
In this paper, the important molecular mechanisms related to oa pathogenesis will be summarized and new insights into potential molecular targets for the prevention and treatment of oa will be provided. Frederick woessner primary osteoarthritis, also labeled osteoarthrosis and degener ative joint disease, is an affliction of peripheral and central articulations, characterized by degeneration of cartilage, subchondral bone thickening, eburna tion, remodeling of bone, and formation of marginal spurs. College of rheumatology as a heterogeneous group of conditions that lead to joint symptoms and signs which. Metabolic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis pathogenesis a complex process that involves the. However, the pathogenesis of oa is much more complex than just wear and tear and the term osteoarthritis, where itis is indicative of an inflammatory process, is indeed correct. Contributions from leading scientists and clinicians provide a detailed introduction into current understanding of the pathogenesis of oa, different joint structures affected by this debilitating disease hip, knee, elbow, shoulder, foot, ankle, hand, wrist, and. In india more than 20% of total population is suffering from arthritis. While chronological age is the single most important risk factor of osteoarthritis, the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis in the young patient is predominantly related to an unfavorable biomechanical environment. Inhibition of tet1 prevents the development of osteoarthritis. Oa pathogenesis and risk factors osteoarthritis action alliance. Much has been learned about the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis oa in the last two decades.
Methods expression profiles of amino acid metabolismregulating genes in primary. Cell death of chondrocytes is a combination between apoptosis and autophagy during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis within an experimental model. Body mass index was an independent predictor of knee osteoarthritis incidence among a population of finnish farmers, with a relative risk of 1. Oa is a highly prevalent disease that is estimated to affect one in every eight adults and is a leading cause of chronic pain 1, 2. Critical role for arginase ii in osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Pathophysiology of osteoarthritis 375 of articular tissue degradation. In these circumstances is very important to understand its pathogenesis.
Osteoarthritis oa in horses is a chronic, degenerative process. Abramson key points osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease, occurring primarily in older individuals, characterized by erosion of the articular cartilage, hypertrophy of bone at the margins i. Pathogenesis of osteoarthritis musculoskeletal key. It occurs most frequently in the hands, hips, and knees. It is the leading cause of activity limitation and absenteeism among workingage adults and is associated with a significant decline in function. Osteoarthritis oa is one of the most common causes of chronic disability in adults due to pain and altered joint function that result from characteristic pathologic changes in the joint tissues and their processing in a biopsychosocial context. Porphyromonas gingivalis expresses padi4, which is capable of promoting citrullination of mammalian proteins. Recent research on osteoarthritis pathogenesis has helped illuminate the tremendous complexity of cartilage biology. For instance, the presence of oa in nonweightbearing joints such as the hand suggests that metabolic factors may also contribute to its pathogenesis. The pathogenesis of oa involves a degradation of cartilage and remodelling of bone due to an active response of chondrocytes in the articular cartilage and the inflammatory cells in the surrounding tissues. Procyanidins are a family of plant metabolites that have been suggested to mitigate osteoarthritis pathogenesis in mice. The role of t cells in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis lazaros i. Changes in cartilage metabolism in arthritis are reflected by altered serum and synovial fluid levels of the cartilage proteoglycan aggrecan, implications for pathogenesis.
The role of metabolism in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. The etiology and progression of osteoarthritis, a disease of joint degeneration, remains incompletely known. May 19, 2016 ageingassociated changes promote the development of osteoarthritis oa, but ageing and oa are independent processes. A key role in the pathophysiology of articular cartilage is played by cellextracellular matrix ecm interactions. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Several studies showed that inflammation triggered by factors like biomechanical stress is involved in the development. Evidence of an inflammatory process is reflected in many of the clinical.
Osteoarthritis oa has traditionally been classified as a noninflammatory arthritis. Request pdf on feb 1, 2007, lazaros i sakkas and others published the role of t cells in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. A key role in the pathophysiology of articular cartilage is played by. Osteoarthritis oa is a degenerative joint disease that progressively causes loss of joint function and is the leading source of physical disability and impaired quality of life in industrialized nations. Using this strategy, we possess the info on backbone parts of four minimal elements among the monosialogangliosidederived glycans. Adding to the individual and societal burden of oa, current treatment options lack any. Although previous research focused primarily on changes in the articular cartilage, more recent studies have highlighted the importance of the subchondral bone, synovium, menisci, ligaments, periarticular muscles and nerves. It is still unclear whether il1b and tnfa act independently or in concert to induce the pathogenesis of oa, or if a functional hierarchy exists between these proin. Osteoarthritis, pathophysiology, articular cartilage pathogenesis the contemporary paradigm of osteoarthritis oa is that its pathogenesis involves all joint tissues including cartilage, bone, synovium, ligamentous capsular structures, and surrounding muscle.
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